In an affidavit, what is the role of the affiant?

• A. The affiant files the complaint.
• B. The affiant issues the warrant.
• C. The affiant states facts establishing probable cause to search.
• D. The affiant rules on admissibility.

Answer: (C)

The key idea here is that an affidavit is a sworn statement used to persuade a judge that there is probable cause to conduct a search. The affiant lays out facts—observations, measurements, reliable information from witnesses—that show a fair probability that evidence or contraband will be found at a particular location. Those facts must be truthful and specific because the judge will rely on them to decide whether a warrant should issue.

This role isn’t about filing complaints, issuing warrants, or ruling on admissibility. Filing a complaint or charging document is handled by the prosecutor or plaintiff, the warrant is issued by a judge or magistrate after reviewing the affidavit, and admissibility is decided by the court during legal proceedings. The affiant’s job is simply to present the facts under oath that establish probable cause for the search.